Bava Batra 138

מנא הני מילי אמר רב יהודה אמר רב דאמר קרא (בראשית כג, יז) ויקם שדה עפרון אשר במכפלה וגו' מי שצריך לגבול סביב יצאו אלו שאין צריכין לגבול סביב אמר רב משרשיא מכאן למצרים מן התורה:

Whence is this rule<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That these trees are not to be reckoned as part and parcel of the field. ');">¹</span> derived? — Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: From the Scriptural verse, So the field of Efron which was in Machpelah&nbsp;… and all the trees that were in the field that were in the border thereof etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XXIII, 17. ');">²</span>

אמר רב יהודה האי מאן דמזבן ארעא לחבריה צריך למכתב ליה קני לך דיקלין ותאלין והוצין וציצין ואע"ג דכי לא כתב ליה הכי קני אפ"ה שופרא דשטרא הוא

[This indicates that Abraham in buying the field acquired all the trees] that require a boundary round about,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., small trees which have as it were no individuality but are only known as being included within such boundaries. ');">³</span> and [that the purchase] did not include those that do not require a boundary round about.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., large trees which have an individuality apart from the field in which they are. ');">⁴</span>

אמר ליה ארעא ודיקלי חזינן אי אית ליה דיקלי יהיב ליה תרי דיקלי ואי לית ליה זבין ליה תרי דיקלי ואי משעבדי פריק ליה תרי דיקלי

R. Mesharsheya said: This proves that the inclusion of the border<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the trees planted on the border. ');">⁵</span> in the [purchase of a field] is prescribed in Scripture.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And is not merely a regulation of the Rabbis. ');">⁶</span>

ארעא בדיקלי חזינן אי אית בה דיקלי יהיב ליה ואי לאו מקח טעות הוא ארעא בי דיקלי לית ליה דיקלי דחזיא לדיקלי קאמר ליה אמר ליה לבר מדיקלא פלניא חזינן אי דיקלא טבא הוא שיורי שייריה אי דיקלא בישא הוא כל שכן הנך

Rab Judah said: When a man sells a field, he should write in the deed, 'Acquire hereby the date trees, other large trees, small trees, and small date trees.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Aruch. According to Rashb, all four were species of date trees. ');">⁷</span> It is true that even if he does not insert these words the transfer is valid,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the purchaser acquires both the field and the trees. V. the Mishnah supra. ');">⁸</span>

אמר ליה לבר מאילני אי אית ליה אילני לבר מאילני אי אית ליה דיקלי לבר מדיקלי אי אית ליה גופני לבר מגופני

but the deed is made more effective in this way.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is to say, all possibility of error is eliminated. ');">⁹</span> If he says to him, 'I sell you land and date trees',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This formula, implies two transfers, one of land and one of trees. ');">¹⁰</span>

אילני וגופני לבר מאילני אילני ודיקלי לבר מאילני גופני ודיקלי לבר מגופני

we have to consider. If he has any date trees, he has to give him two,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Over and above any date trees there may be in the field, which are acquired with the field (v. Mishnah). The number two is taken as the minimum indicated by the word 'trees'. ');">¹¹</span> and if not he has to buy two for him, and if his date trees are mortgaged he has to redeem two for him. If he says, 'I sell you the land with the date trees', we have to consider; if there are date trees in it he has to give them to him, and if there are none, it is a sale made under a misapprehension.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the transaction is null and void. ');">¹²</span>

אמר רב כל שעולין לו בחבל הוי שיור כל שאין עולין לו בחבל לא הוי שיור

If he says, I sell you a date tree field, the purchaser cannot claim date trees,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supposing there are none in the field. ');">¹³</span> because what he means is simply 'a field suitable for date trees'. If he says, I sell you the field except such-and-such a date tree, then we have again to consider. If it is a good date tree,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., bearing a moderate amount of fruit. ');">¹⁴</span> we presume that he reserved that one for himself; if it is a poor tree,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Bearing less than a kab of dates. ');">¹⁵</span> then in fortiori he means to reserve the better ones. If he says, [I sell you the field] without the trees,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Trees' was a generic term for all trees except date trees and vines. ');">¹⁶</span> if there are trees in it, [the purchaser acquires all] except the trees; if there are date trees in it [but no others, he acquires the whole] without the date trees;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because date trees can also be called trees where no others are under consideration. ');">¹⁷</span> if there are vines, [he acquires the whole] without the vines;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because vines are similarly called trees. ');">¹⁸</span> if there are trees and date trees, [he acquires the whole] with the exception of the trees; if there are trees and vines, [he acquires the whole] with the exception of the trees; if there are date trees and vines, [he acquires the whole] with the exception of the vines.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because as between date trees and vines, the name 'trees' would be more readily applied to the latter. ');">¹⁹</span> Rab said: [When a vendor reserves trees], all those which have to be climbed by a rope ladder [to pluck the fruit] are reserved, while those which do not need this are not reserved.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being too small to count. ');">²⁰</span>